threads
events
co-routines
generators
processes
flow-based programming
continuations
microthreads
monitors
object-bound mutexes
asynchronous methods
chords
tasks
semaphores
weightless threads
guarded methods
iterators
[co-operative vs. pre-emptive]
At different levels, distributed computing or parallel processing are related topics.
developerWorks hosts a write-up of some of this material [L1 ].