**Babylonian False Shares Algorithm, numerical analysis, history of math & computers** ---- This page is under development. Comments are welcome, but please load any comments in the comments section at the bottom of the page. Please include your wiki MONIKER in your comment with the same courtesy that I will give you. Its very hard to reply intelligibly without some background of the correspondent. Thanks,[gold] ---- <> ---- **Introduction** [gold]Here is some TCL starter code for calculating the false shares method from Babylonian math problems. The false shares method or false shares problem is of historical interest, but seems to be the Babylonian tool of choice for expanding into new math horizons. Most of the testcases involve replicas or models, using assumptions and rules of thumb. The Babylonian false shares method algorithm from clay tablets was loaded into a TCL calculator. The Babylonians did not use algebra notation, so the reader will have to bear some anachronisms in the TCL pseudocode. The false shares method is defined as the method used by scribes to portion multiple shares of a quantity, including estate inheritances, wages, land divisions, and bricks. Succesive or iterated math solutions are called algorithms and the false shares method algorithm is one of the earliest algorithms documented. The TCL procedures are descendants of this idea. For restating the problem in a computer algorithm, the sides and field area will be in meters and square meters, respectively. Rabbi Abraham Ibn Ezra (1140 CE) has an interesting discussion on proportional division and other "just" divisions under Jewish law in the Babylonian Talmud and commentaries. The available "clay" document ion on false shares method is roughly from 1800 to 1500 BCE, but Rabbi Ibn Ezra expounds on proportional division from some "gentile" or "foreign" source. The Babylonian false share methods did not have a free ride, but were roundly condemned by several sources in mainstream Talmudist and Christian traditions. **Cases** Testcase 1 in generic units. The work standard for moving 9*60 bricks over 30 rods per day is 15 units of barley, ref Friberg. In this testcase, 4 men share the work and pay in proportions of 7,11,13,14. The Babylonians did not use algebraic notation, but the algebraic solution is shown here for quicker understanding for the modern reader and for psuedocode for the TCL procedure. Tabbing the false shares as $X, the initial setup is 7*$X+11*$X+13*$X+14*$X=15,45*$X=15, $S=(sum of shares)/ (total pay units), $S= 15/ 45= (1/3) unit pay per shares. 1st= 7*(1/3),2nd=11*(1/3),3ird=13*(1/3),4th=14*(1/3). Check that expr { 7*(1./3)+11*(1./3)+13*(1./3)+14*(1./3) } = 15. Order here is increasing pay, but (tablet) norm was that order was in decreasing amounts. Ref. Friberg on YBC 10722. Ref AO8862, four-sided prism from Larsa, probably 1800? BCE. Note: AO8862 sets the problem up but the method of solution was either not recorded or illegible on AO8862. Some uncertaincy must be recognized in the problem solution. Note: There are some Babylonian problems where the setup is multiplied by an integer (usually 2 or 3 ) at some point in the method and later factored out of the solution. Check that expr {(2*15.)/(2*45.)} = (1/3). ====== # possible Babylonian style solution 7*2 11*2 13*2 14*2 sum = 90 share rate = 15*2/90 = 30/90. = 1/3 = 20/60 = reciprocal 3 expr { 7*(20/60.)+11*(20/60.)+13*(20/60.)+14*(20/60.) } = 15 # try to avoid numbers like 7,11,13 in base_60 by odd*even=even # numbers like 7,11,13 are prime numbers and can not be factored # to produce regular closed form reciprocals in base_60. # expr { ( 7*(3.)+11*(3.)+13*(3.)+14*(3.))*(1/9.) } = 15 ====== ---- ***Testcases Section*** In planning any software, it is advisable to gather a number of testcases to check the results of the program. The math for the testcases can be checked by pasting statements in the TCL console. Aside from the TCL calculator display, when one presses the report button on the calculator, one will have console show access to the capacity functions (subroutines). **** Testcase 1 **** **** Testcase 2 **** **** Testcase 3 **** **** Testcase 4 **** **** Testcase 5 **** **** Testcase 6 **** ---- **** Testcase 7 **** ---- ***Screenshots Section*** ****figure 1.**** ---- ***References:*** * Bricks and mud in metro-mathematical cuneiform texts, * Joran Friberg * O. Neugebauer and A. Sachs, Mathematical Cuneiform Texts, * American Oriental Society, Series 29. New Haven, 1945. * A Remarkable Collection of Babylonian Mathematical Texts, * Joran Friberg * the historical origins of algebraic thinking, essay, * Luis g. Radford * Talmud, mathematical theories of arbitration , Oneill * The Inheritance of Brothers and Sisters, Islamic (Sunni) * Sequences and series in Old Babylonian mathematics, * Duncan J Melville * MS 2830, obv. A theme text with five inheritance problems,Joran Friberg . ---- **Appendix Code** ***appendix TCL programs and scripts *** ====== ====== ---- *** Pushbutton Operation*** For the push buttons, the recommended procedure is push testcase and fill frame, change first three entries etc, push solve, and then push report. Report allows copy and paste from console. For testcases in a computer session, the eTCL calculator increments a new testcase number internally, eg. TC(1), TC(2) , TC(3) , TC(N). The testcase number is internal to the calculator and will not be printed until the report button is pushed for the current result numbers. The current result numbers will be cleared on the next solve button. The command { calculate; reportx } or { calculate ; reportx; clearx } can be added or changed to report automatically. Another wrinkle would be to print out the current text, delimiters, and numbers in a TCL wiki style table as ====== puts " %| testcase $testcase_number | value| units |comment |%" puts " &| volume| $volume| cubic meters |based on length $side1 and width $side2 |&" ====== ---- [gold] This page is copyrighted under the TCL/TK license terms, [http://tcl.tk/software/tcltk/license.html%|%this license]. **Comments Section** <> Please place any comments here, Thanks. <> Numerical Analysis | Toys | Calculator | Mathematics| Toys and Games | Games | Application | GUI ---- <> Development | Concept| Algorithm