Updated 2010-10-23 22:02:23 by dkf

bindtags - Determine which bindings apply to a window, and order of evaluation
bindtags window ?tagList?

http://www.purl.org/tcl/home/man/tcl8.4/TkCmd/bindtags.htm

Used to define the binding hierarchy for Widgets. See A tiny input manager for a usage example.

RS gave a great description of bindtags: he called them "bundles of bindings" or something to that effect. Widgets have a list of such "bundles" associated with them. Every time an event happens over that widget, each "bundle" is checked in turn, and if there is a binding matching the event, it is fired. If the binding does a break no more "bundles" are considered. Otherwise, each additional bundle goes through the same processing in turn.

By default, each widget has a set of bindtags that includes the specific widget, the widget class, the toplevel window for that widget, and the special word "all". So, for example, to attach a binding to all widgets you can associate the binding with the tag "all" rather than a specific widget.

Uppercase entry: Here is a little example that diverts lowercase letter keys to their uppercase variants (other characters come through unharmed) - for the "; break" bit I had to quote the binding body, instead of listifying it as one normally should:
 foreach i {a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z} {
     bind Upcase $i "event generate %W [string toupper $i]; break"
 } ;# RS
 # Usage example, associate the bindtags to a widget:
 pack [entry .e]
 bindtags    .e [concat Upcase [bindtags .e]]

Prettify this chat conversation:

vr: WRT bindtags, can you explain how to preserve the original code bound to that event using bindtags?

vr: also, why should I be binding to the buttonrelease event?

suchenwi: Simply: if you have custom bindings, bind them to a bindtag, not a widget name; place that bindtag (with the bindtags command) in the binding sequence of the widget(s) in question.

suchenwi: eval bindtags $myWidget myBindings [bindtags $mywidget]

suchenwi: puts everything that you bind to myBindings before all other bindings of myWidget (but they are still executed, if yours doesn't break)

"... KHIM is a good example. Any widget that wants KHIM's services can add 'khim' to its list of bindtags, and get a whole lot of <Key> bindings ... What you do to get KHIM to apply to a text widget is to say,
        bindtags $text [linsert [bindtags $text] 1 khim]

... which will change the bindtags from {.text Text . all} to {.text khim Text . all}"

In March, 2006 an article on bindtags appears on tclscripting.com [1]