: I cannot turn the hands of a clock(gif file).Why a gif? Much easier with a canvas:
grid [canvas .c -width 200 -height 200]
set halfpi 1.570796
set piover6 0.5235987
set twopi 6.283185
.c create oval 2 2 198 198 -fill white -outline black
for { set h 1 } { $h <= 12 } { incr h } {
set angle [expr { $halfpi - $piover6 * $h }]
set x [expr { 100 + 90 * cos($angle) }]
set y [expr { 100 - 90 * sin($angle) }]
.c create text $x $y -text $h -font {Helvetica -12}
}
proc hands {} {
catch { .c delete withtag hands }
# Compute seconds since midnight
set s [expr { [clock seconds] - [clock scan 00:00:00] }]
# Angle of second hand
set angle [expr { $s * $::twopi / 60. }]
set y [expr { 100 - 90 * cos($angle) }]
set x [expr { 100 + 90 * sin($angle) }]
.c create line 100 100 $x $y -width 1 -tags hands
# Minute hand
set angle [expr { $s * $::twopi / 60. / 60. }]
set y [expr { 100 - 85 * cos($angle) }]
set x [expr { 100 + 85 * sin($angle) }]
.c create line 100 100 $x $y -width 3 -capstyle projecting -tags hands
# Hour hand
set angle [expr { $s * $::twopi / 60. / 60. / 12. }]
set y [expr { 100 - 60 * cos($angle) }]
set x [expr { 100 + 60 * sin($angle) }]
.c create line 100 100 $x $y -width 7 -capstyle projecting -tags hands
after 1000 hands
}
handsRS Not matching the title, but here's a cute little digital clock I originally wrote for Einfach Tcl:
proc every {ms body} {
eval $body
after $ms [list every $ms $body]
}
pack [label .clock -textvar time]
every 1000 {set ::time [clock format [clock sec] -format %H:%M:%S]}...and both combined in A little A/D clock.
set radius 35
wm title . "BClock, initializing..."
wm maxsize . [expr $radius*6+1] [expr $radius*4+1]
wm minsize . [expr $radius*6+1] [expr $radius*4+1]
wm geometry . [expr $radius*6+1]x[expr $radius*4+1]
pack [canvas .b -background black]
foreach col {0 1 2 3 4 5} {
foreach bit {0 1 2 3} {
set x1 [expr $col * $radius]
set y1 [expr $radius*3 - $bit * $radius]
set x2 [expr $x1 + $radius]
set y2 [expr $y1 + $radius]
set layout(x${col}y${bit}) [.b create oval $x1 $y1 $x2 $y2]
}
}
proc delay {ms body} {
eval $body
after $ms [list delay $ms $body]
}
delay 1000 {
global layout
set time [ clock format [ clock sec ] -format "%T" ]
regexp {([0-2])([0-9]):([0-5])([0-9]):([0-5])([0-9])} \
$time -> h1 h2 m1 m2 s1 s2
wm title . "BClock, $time"
set values [list $h1 $h2 $m1 $m2 $s1 $s2]
foreach col {0 1 2 3 4 5} {
set value [lindex $values $col]
foreach bit {0 1 2 3} {
if { $value & (1 << $bit) } {
set colour IndianRed1
} else {
set colour DarkRed
}
.b itemconfigure $layout(x${col}y${bit}) -fill $colour
}
}
}... and if you don't mind, mail ideas/corrections/additions to dondy at gmx dot de, as i don't come around much :)RS has gone over the code with some KISS suggestions to make things simpler, especially:
- wm resizable saves the need for explicit max/minsize
- canvas tags save the need for a global array
- foreach can iterate over more than one list
set radius 35
wm title . "BClock, initializing..."
#wm maxsize . [expr $radius*6+1] [expr $radius*4+1]
#wm minsize . [expr $radius*6+1] [expr $radius*4+1]
wm geometry . [expr $radius*6+1]x[expr $radius*4+1]
wm resizable . 0 0 ;#-- eliminate maxsize, minsize
pack [canvas .b -background black]
foreach col {0 1 2 3 4 5} {
foreach bit {0 1 2 3} {
set x1 [expr $col * $radius]
set y1 [expr $radius*3 - $bit * $radius]
set x2 [expr $x1 + $radius]
set y2 [expr $y1 + $radius]
#set layout(x${col}y${bit}) [.b create oval $x1 $y1 $x2 $y2]
#-- use canvas tag instead of global array
.b create oval $x1 $y1 $x2 $y2 -tag $col,$bit
}
}
proc every {ms body} {
eval $body
after $ms [info level 0]
}
every 1000 {
#global layout ;#-- not needed, as we're in global scope
set time [ clock format [ clock sec ] -format "%T" ]
regexp {([0-2])([0-9]):([0-5])([0-9]):([0-5])([0-9])} \
$time -> h1 h2 m1 m2 s1 s2
wm title . "BClock, $time"
set values [list $h1 $h2 $m1 $m2 $s1 $s2]
foreach col {0 1 2 3 4 5} value $values {
#-- use multi-list foreach instead of lindexing
#set value [lindex $values $col]
foreach bit {0 1 2 3} {
#-- use conditional assignment instead of [if]
#if { $value & (1 << $bit) } {
# set colour IndianRed1
#} else {
# set colour DarkRed
#}
set colour [expr {$value & (1<<$bit)? "IndianRed1": "DarkRed"}]
.b itemconfigure $col,$bit -fill $colour
}
}
}TV Heer heer. Could be just a matter of taste, but that's code that can be read and is efficient, and is probably decently designable according to (as I learned as early engineering student) nassi-schneider diagram and progressive refinement, so also formalizable. How often does that happen in modern software province?ALM Added resizing stuff (now you can resize it "freely" until 6000x4000 pixels, guess that's enough. Applied RSs improvements too, for sure (thanks again RS). I hope it's a useful thing or a nice read.
set radius 10
wm title . "BClock, initializing..."
wm aspect . 6 4 6000 4000
wm geometry . [expr $radius*6+1]x[expr $radius*4+1]
proc create_resize_ovals {value radius} {
foreach col {0 1 2 3 4 5} {
foreach row {0 1 2 3} {
set x1 [expr $col * $radius]
set y1 [expr $radius * 3 - $row * $radius]
set x2 [expr $x1 + $radius]
set y2 [expr $y1 + $radius]
if { $value == 0 } {
.b create oval $x1 $y1 $x2 $y2 -tag $col,$row
} elseif { $value == 1 } {
.b coords $col,$row $x1 $y1 $x2 $y2
} else {
#this just shouldn't happen :P
exit 1
}
}
}
}
proc resize_canvas_ovals {width height} {
global radius
set radius [expr ($width / 6 + $height / 4) / 2]
.b configure -width [expr $radius * 6] -height [expr $radius * 4]
create_resize_ovals 1 $radius
}
proc every {ms body} {
eval $body
after $ms [info level 0]
}
pack [canvas .b -background black]
create_resize_ovals 0 $radius
bind . <Configure> { resize_canvas_ovals %w %h }
every 1000 {
set time [ clock format [ clock sec ] -format "%T" ]
regexp {([0-2])([0-9]):([0-5])([0-9]):([0-5])([0-9])} \
$time -> h1 h2 m1 m2 s1 s2
wm title . "BClock, $time"
set values [list $h1 $h2 $m1 $m2 $s1 $s2]
foreach col {0 1 2 3 4 5} value $values {
foreach bit {0 1 2 3} {
set colour [expr {$value & (1 << $bit)?
"IndianRed1": "DarkRed"}]
.b itemconfigure $col,$bit -fill $colour
}
}
}escargo 16 Oct 2003 -- When I used wish-reaper to download this page and then ASED to untangle all the clocks in it, I discovered something strange about the last binary clock just above. When I run it, the clock appears, and then it shrinks to the upper middle and quickly vanishes. If I redisplay the clock (hide it behind another window or iconize it and then uncover or display it), the clock reappears, and then shrinks off into the distance again. (This is running on Microsoft Windows XP with ActiveTcl 8.4.1.0.)Doing a little more investigation, I found that the value for radius was steadily decreasing until it reached the value -1.ALM Uh, sorry. That didn't happen for me, and sure, I know why, and changed it now (just that people don't think you're crazy ;). I hope it's ok now.escargo 17 Oct 2003 - All better now. I am curious about why the problem was not visible to you originally.ALM I use the window manager ion (http://modeemi.cs.tut.fi/~tuomov/ion/), i think that's why :)wdb Here my version of an analog clock in Tk:
An anti-aliased version of this clock using tkpath tkpath - clock
package require Tk
canvas .uhr -width 200 -height 200 -highlightthickness 0
wm geometry . +[expr {[winfo screenwidth .]-[winfo reqwidth .]}]+0
pack .uhr
bind .uhr <Double-Button-1> {
if {[expr {![wm overrideredirect .]}]} {
wm overrideredirect . yes
# .uhr configure -background SystemBackground
} else {
wm overrideredirect . no
# .uhr configure -background SystemButtonFace
}
}
set PI [expr {asin(1)*2}]
set sekundenzeigerlaenge 85
set minutenzeigerlaenge 75
set stundenzeigerlaenge 60
proc drawClock {} {
global PI
global sekundenzeigerlaenge
global minutenzeigerlaenge
global stundenzeigerlaenge
set aussenradius 95.0
set innenradius 83.0
# Ziffernblatt
.uhr create oval 5 5 195 195 -fill white -outline ""
# Zeiger
.uhr create line 100 100 [expr {100+$stundenzeigerlaenge}] 100 -tag stundenschatten
.uhr create line 100 100 100 [expr {100-$minutenzeigerlaenge}] -tag minutenschatten
.uhr create line 100 100 100 [expr {100+$sekundenzeigerlaenge}] -tag sekundenschatten
.uhr create line 100 100 [expr {100+$stundenzeigerlaenge}] 100 -tag {stundenzeiger zeiger}
.uhr create line 100 100 100 [expr {100-$minutenzeigerlaenge}] -tag {minutenzeiger zeiger}
.uhr create line 100 100 100 [expr {100+$sekundenzeigerlaenge}] -tag {sekundenzeiger zeiger}
.uhr itemconfigure stundenzeiger -width 8
.uhr itemconfigure minutenzeiger -width 4
.uhr itemconfigure sekundenzeiger -width 2 -fill red
.uhr itemconfigure stundenschatten -width 8 -fill gray
.uhr itemconfigure minutenschatten -width 4 -fill gray
.uhr itemconfigure sekundenschatten -width 2 -fill gray
# Ziffern
for {set i 0} {$i < 60} {incr i} {
set r0 [expr {$innenradius + 5}]
set r1 [expr {$innenradius +10}]
set x0 [expr {sin($PI/30*(30-$i))*$r0+100}]
set y0 [expr {cos($PI/30*(30-$i))*$r0+100}]
set x1 [expr {sin($PI/30*(30-$i))*$r1+100}]
set y1 [expr {cos($PI/30*(30-$i))*$r1+100}]
if {[expr {$i%5}]} {
}
}
for {set i 0} {$i < 12} {incr i} {
set x [expr {sin($PI/6*(6-$i))*$innenradius+100}]
set y [expr {cos($PI/6*(6-$i))*$innenradius+100}]
.uhr create text $x $y \
-text [expr {$i ? $i : 12}] \
-font {Helvetica 13 bold} \
-fill #666666 \
-tag ziffer
}
wm resizable . no no
}
proc stundenZeigerAuf {std} {
global PI
global stundenzeigerlaenge
set x0 100
set y0 100
set dx [expr {sin ($PI/6*(6-$std))*$stundenzeigerlaenge}]
set dy [expr {cos ($PI/6*(6-$std))*$stundenzeigerlaenge}]
set x1 [expr {$x0 + $dx}]
set y1 [expr {$y0 + $dy}]
.uhr coords stundenzeiger $x0 $y0 $x1 $y1
set schattenabstand 3
set x0s [expr {$x0 + $schattenabstand}]
set y0s [expr {$y0 + $schattenabstand}]
set x1s [expr {$x1 + $schattenabstand}]
set y1s [expr {$y1 + $schattenabstand}]
.uhr coords stundenschatten $x0s $y0s $x1s $y1s
}
proc minutenZeigerAuf {min} {
global PI
global minutenzeigerlaenge
set x0 100
set y0 100
set dx [expr {sin ($PI/30*(30-$min))*$minutenzeigerlaenge}]
set dy [expr {cos ($PI/30*(30-$min))*$minutenzeigerlaenge}]
set x1 [expr {$x0 + $dx}]
set y1 [expr {$y0 + $dy}]
.uhr coords minutenzeiger $x0 $y0 $x1 $y1
set schattenabstand 4
set x0s [expr {$x0 + $schattenabstand}]
set y0s [expr {$y0 + $schattenabstand}]
set x1s [expr {$x1 + $schattenabstand}]
set y1s [expr {$y1 + $schattenabstand}]
.uhr coords minutenschatten $x0s $y0s $x1s $y1s
}
proc sekundenZeigerAuf {sec} {
global PI
global sekundenzeigerlaenge
set x0 100
set y0 100
set dx [expr {sin ($PI/30*(30-$sec))*$sekundenzeigerlaenge}]
set dy [expr {cos ($PI/30*(30-$sec))*$sekundenzeigerlaenge}]
set x1 [expr {$x0 + $dx}]
set y1 [expr {$y0 + $dy}]
.uhr coords sekundenzeiger $x0 $y0 $x1 $y1
set schattenabstand 5
set x0s [expr {$x0 + $schattenabstand}]
set y0s [expr {$y0 + $schattenabstand}]
set x1s [expr {$x1 + $schattenabstand}]
set y1s [expr {$y1 + $schattenabstand}]
.uhr coords sekundenschatten $x0s $y0s $x1s $y1s
}
proc showTime {} {
after cancel showTime
after 1000 showTime
set secs [clock seconds]
set l [clock format $secs -format {%H %M %S} ]
wm title . [join $l :]
set std [lindex $l 0]
set min [lindex $l 1]
set sec [lindex $l 2]
regsub ^0 $std "" std
regsub ^0 $min "" min
regsub ^0 $sec "" sec
set min [expr {$min + 1.0 * $sec/60}]
set std [expr {$std + 1.0 * $min/60}]
stundenZeigerAuf $std
minutenZeigerAuf $min
sekundenZeigerAuf $sec
}
drawClock
showTimeThe code is a tigerish mixture of German & English, here some hints:- Uhr = clock
- Sekundenzeiger = second hand
- Minutenzeiger = minute hand
- Stundenzeiger = hour hand
- ???zeigerlaenge = length of ??? hand
- ???zeigerauf (num) = ??? hand towards (num)
- Schatten = shadow
- Abstand = distance
GJS Here is another version of the same clock
- The clock is redrawn 30 times a second, so the the hands move smoothly
- It is resizable
- It has tick around it
- It has numbers 1-60, as well as 1-12 around it
- The size/position of all elements can be resized easily by the variables at the first of the code
set pi {}
#original width/height of clock
set size 400
#update time (NTSC refresh rate is 30 times a sec, PAL is 25 times a second)
#update 30 times a second so the hand moves smoothly
set time 33
#if update is set to 1, then redraw the entire clock, otherwize just the hands
set resize 1
set font Helvetica
#these values are distances relative to the canvas size
set cirSize 0.95 ;#size of the circle
#these values are calculated from the center of the circle
#relative to canvas size
set inrLength 0.03 ;#where the hands start
set secLength 0.45 ;#where the second hand ends
set minLength 0.35 ;#where the minute hand ends
set hrsLength 0.25 ;#where the hour hand ends
set tikLength 0.40 ;#where all ticks start
set tk2Length .43 ;#wehre the small ticks end
set tk3Length .475 ;#where the big ticks end
set n1pos 0.45 ;#placement of numbers 1-12
set n2pos 0.38 ;#placement of numbers 1-60
#width of hands, relative to canvas size
set secWidth .015 ;#second hand
set minWidth .025 ;#minute hand
set hrsWidth .045 ;#hour hand
#size of fonts, relative to canvas size
set fontSize 0.03 ;#1-12
set fnt2Size 0.02 ;#1-60
proc main {} {
#setup global vars
global pi size
set pi [pi] ;#save pi so we don't have to call the function everytime
#setup main window
wm title . Clock
#when the window is resized force the clock to be redrawn
bind . <Configure> {set ::resize 1}
#create a canvas
grid [canvas .clock -width $size -height $size -bd 0] -sticky news
grid rowconfigure . 0 -weight 1
grid columnconfigure . 0 -weight 1
#create canvas objects, placement does not matter
.clock create oval 5 5 195 195 -tags {circle} -fill white
.clock create line 100 100 100 35 -width 3 -tags {hands hourhand} \
-fill green -capstyle round
.clock create line 100 100 100 25 -width 5 -tags {hands minutehand} \
-fill blue -capstyle round
.clock create line 100 100 100 5 -width 9 -tags {hands secondhand} \
-fill red -capstyle round
#create numbers, 1-12
for {set i 1} {$i <= 12} {incr i} {
.clock create text 0 0 -text $i -tags "n n$i"
}
#create ticks, and numbers 1-16
for {set i 1} {$i <= 60} {incr i} {
.clock create line 0 0 10 10 -tags tick$i
.clock create text 0 0 -text $i -tags "nn nn$i"
}
#start the timer
updateClock
}
proc updateClock {} {
#globals
global pi size cirSize
global secLength minLength hrsLength
global tikLength tk2Length tk3Length
global inrLength n1pos n2pos
global secWidth minWidth hrsWidth
global font fontSize resize
global fnt2Size time
#get time
set msec [string range [clock milliseconds] end-2 end]
foreach {sec min hour} [clock format [clock seconds] -format "%S %M %I"] {}
#find relative position
set sp [expr (([unpad $sec] * 1000) + [unpad $msec]) / 60000.0]
set mp [expr (((([unpad $min] * 60) + [unpad $sec]) * 1000) + [unpad $msec]) / 3600000.0]
set hp [expr (([unpad $hour] * 60) + [unpad $min]) / 720.0]
#get the size of the widget
set w [winfo width .clock];set cx [expr $w / 2]
set h [winfo height .clock];set cy [expr $h /2]
set size [expr $w>$h?$h:$w]
#if size changed, move numbers, ticks, and circle
if {$resize} {
#move the circle
set x1 [expr $cx - round(($size / 2) * $cirSize)]
set y1 [expr $cy - round(($size / 2) * $cirSize)]
set x2 [expr $cx + round(($size / 2) * $cirSize)]
set y2 [expr $cy + round(($size / 2) * $cirSize)]
.clock coords circle $x1 $y1 $x2 $y2
#move the numbers, 1-12
for {set i 1} {$i <= 12} {incr i} {
set np [expr $i / 12.0]
set x1 [expr $cx + ($size * $n1pos) * sin($np * $pi * 2)]
set y1 [expr $cy - ($size * $n1pos) * cos($np * $pi * 2)]
.clock coords n$i $x1 $y1
}
#move the ticks, and numbers 1-60
for {set i 1} {$i <= 60} {incr i} {
set np [expr $i / 60.0]
if {[expr $i % 5]} {
#move the long ticks
set x1 [expr $cx + ($size * $tikLength) * sin($np * $pi * 2)]
set y1 [expr $cy - ($size * $tikLength) * cos($np * $pi * 2)]
set x2 [expr $cx + ($size * $tk3Length) * sin($np * $pi * 2)]
set y2 [expr $cy - ($size * $tk3Length) * cos($np * $pi * 2)]
.clock coords tick$i $x1 $y1 $x2 $y2
} else {
#move the short ticks
set x1 [expr $cx + ($size * $tikLength) * sin($np * $pi * 2)]
set y1 [expr $cy - ($size * $tikLength) * cos($np * $pi * 2)]
set x2 [expr $cx + ($size * $tk2Length) * sin($np * $pi * 2)]
set y2 [expr $cy - ($size * $tk2Length) * cos($np * $pi * 2)]
.clock coords tick$i $x1 $y1 $x2 $y2
}
#move second set of numbers
set x1 [expr $cx + ($size * $n2pos) * sin($np * $pi * 2)]
set y1 [expr $cy - ($size * $n2pos) * cos($np * $pi * 2)]
.clock coords nn$i $x1 $y1
}
#fonts
.clock itemconfigure n -font "$font [expr round($fontSize * $size) * -1]"
.clock itemconfigure nn -font "$font [expr round($fnt2Size * $size) * -1]"
#resize the hands
.clock itemconfigure secondhand -width [expr round($secWidth * $size)]
.clock itemconfigure minutehand -width [expr round($minWidth * $size)]
.clock itemconfigure hourhand -width [expr round($hrsWidth * $size)]
#don't resize next time
set resize 0
}
#move the second hand
set x1 [expr $cx + ($size * $inrLength) * sin($sp * $pi * 2)]
set y1 [expr $cy - ($size * $inrLength) * cos($sp * $pi * 2)]
set x2 [expr $cx + ($size * $secLength) * sin($sp * $pi * 2)]
set y2 [expr $cy - ($size * $secLength) * cos($sp * $pi * 2)]
.clock coords secondhand $x1 $y1 $x2 $y2
#move the minute hand
set x1 [expr $cx + ($size * $inrLength) * sin($mp * $pi * 2)]
set y1 [expr $cy - ($size * $inrLength) * cos($mp * $pi * 2)]
set x2 [expr $cx + ($size * $minLength) * sin($mp * $pi * 2)]
set y2 [expr $cy - ($size * $minLength) * cos($mp * $pi * 2)]
.clock coords minutehand $x1 $y1 $x2 $y2
#move the hour hand
set x1 [expr $cx + ($size * $inrLength) * sin($hp * $pi * 2)]
set y1 [expr $cy - ($size * $inrLength) * cos($hp * $pi * 2)]
set x2 [expr $cx + ($size * $hrsLength) * sin($hp * $pi * 2)]
set y2 [expr $cy - ($size * $hrsLength) * cos($hp * $pi * 2)]
.clock coords hourhand $x1 $y1 $x2 $y2
#lets do it again sometime
after $time updateClock
}
#short proc to remove the leading 0 from numbers
#and make sure an int is returned
proc unpad {int} {
regsub ^0 $int "" int1
if {![string is int $int1]} {
return 0
}
if {![string length $int1]} {
return 0
}
return $int1
}
#proc to return value of pi
proc pi {} {expr acos(-1)}
mainStu 2007-10-01 Added missing backslashes to ALM's clocks and wdb's clock.
Category Example - Category Date and Time